christiannero.blogg.se - Plate boundary

NOTA Operations & Maintenance - GAGE Facility activity, operated by UNAVCO Inc., Oct 2018 - Sep 2023.PBO Operations & Maintenance - Phase 2 as a GAGE Facility activity, operated by UNAVCO Inc., Oct 2013 - Sep 2018.PBO Operations & Maintenance - Phase 1, Oct 2008 - Sep 2013.PBO Construction (MREFC), Oct 2003 - Sep 2008.Probing of surface conditions through GPS reflectrometry (i.e., satellite to surface to receiver pathways) to measure soil moisture, snow depth, vegetation moisture index, and other features, provides crucial information regarding the water cycle and water resources.Īdvances in satellite systems through the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and innovations in GNSS/GPS receivers, other instrumentation, data processing, computing power, and cyberinfrastructure allowed the scientific community to better address an array of critical scientific and societal problems using space and terrestrial geodetic techniques in geographically distributed areas.įor more information about the science goals of PBO, please visit EarthScope Science. Sounding of the atmosphere through GPS (i.e., satellite to receiver pathways) to measure total electron content in the ionosphere and precipitable water vapor in the troposphere impacts research regarding space weather, severe weather, and atmospheric dynamics. ScienceĪ primary objective of the PBO was quantify three-dimensional deformation and its temporal variability across the active boundary zone between the Pacific and North American plates.Ĭentimeter to millimeter-level measurements of surface and near surface motion through Global Positioning System (GPS) stations, borehole geophysics, long-baseline laser strainmeters, accelerometers, and geodetic imaging has far reaching implications regarding earthquakes, volcanic unrest, subsidence, landslides, extraction or injection of fluids, loading or unloading of water, ice or snow, and other Earth processes. Michael Jackson, and the current Director of UNAVCO Geodetic Infrastructure, Dr. Principal Investigators (PI) for the Plate Boundary Observatory have included, former UNAVCO Presidents, Dr. UNAVCO was responsible for design, instrument installation, ongoing maintenance, communications, data archiving, data processing, and data availability for the geodetic instruments that comprised the Plate Boundary Observatory. The Network of the Americas (NOTA) is a federated network comprised of stations that were part of the the former EarthScope PBO, COCONet, TLALOCNet networks. Take a ten question quiz about this page.The Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) component of the NSF EarthScope program precisely measured Earth deformation resulting from the constant motion of the Pacific and North American tectonic plates in the western United States. The Himalayan Mountains, including Mount Everest, were formed by the convergent boundary of the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.

Scientists are now able to track the movement of tectonic plates using GPS.

The Pacific Plate is being subducted under the Mariana Plate. It is formed by a convergent boundary between the Pacific Plate and the Mariana Plate.

The Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the ocean.

It is the cause of so many earthquakes in California. It is the boundary between the North American Plate and the Pacific Plate.

One famous transform boundary is the San Andreas Fault in California.

These places are often called faults and can be areas where earthquakes often occur.

Transform Boundaries - A transform boundary is one where two plates slide past each other.

New land is formed by magma pushing up from the mantle and cooling as it reaches the surface. The area on land where the boundary occurs is called a rift.

Divergent Boundaries - A divergent boundary is one where two plates are getting pushed apart.

Here is a picture showing the major tectonic plates of the world. Some of the minor plates include the Arabian, Caribbean, Nazca, and Scotia plates. The seven major plates include the African, Antarctic, Eurasian, North American, South American, India-Australian, and the Pacific plates. Most of the Earth is covered by seven major plates and another eight or so minor plates. Some of these plates are huge and cover entire continents.

The lithosphere moves in big chunks of land called tectonic plates.

The lithosphere is made up of the Earth's crust and a part of the upper mantle. The part of the land that is moving is the Earth's surface called the lithosphere. It takes millions of years for the land to move a significant amount. This movement is way too slow for us to notice, however, because it only moves between one to 6 inches per year. Although we think of the land on Earth as being fixed and stable, it turns out that it is constantly moving.